Trong phần thi SAT Reading and Writing, đặc biệt là nhóm Craft and Structure, dạng câu hỏi Text Structure and Purpose hỏi về cách tác giả tổ chức bài viết và dụng ý của từng từ ngữ, câu văn hay đoạn văn trong việc xây dựng lập luận chung thì người học cần nắm vững chiến thuật để làm bài tối ưu. 

Các câu hỏi về mục đích của tác giả Author's Purpose (Function Questions) thường xuất hiện dưới dạng hỏi về chức năng của một đoạn văn, một câu, hoặc một từ cụ thể trong tổng thể bài viết. Làm thế nào để phân tích chọn đáp án đúng? Cùng luyện tập kỹ năng này nhé.

Author's Purpose và cách làm bài

Example. Đọc mô tả và xác định mục đích chính của tác giả.

1. A five paragraph essay where a student argues that people should recycle and not litter

A. entertain

B. inform

C. persuade

D. describe

2. The fourth novel in the Twilight series by Stephenie Meyer

A. entertain

B. inform

C. persuade

D. explain

3. A student’s book report about the fourth novel in the Twilight series

A. entertain

B. inform

C. describe

D. persuade

4. An article giving step-by-step instructions on how to create a budget and save money each month

A. describe

B. inform

C. persuade

D. explain

5. A poem illustrating the peaceful scenery of a forest at sunset, with golden light filtering through the trees and the soft rustling of leaves

A. entertain

B. inform

C. describe

D. explain

Authors Purpose là gì?

  • Là lý do hoặc ý định của tác giả khi viết bất kỳ đoạn văn nào​
  • Giúp người đọc nắm bắt ý nghĩa và mục đích chính tác giả muốn truyền đạt​

Các loại author’s purpose phổ biến​

  • Inform: chia sẻ kiến thức hoặc cung cấp thông tin khách quan​
  • Persuade: cố gắng thuyết phục người đọc chấp nhận một quan điểm​
  • Entertain: giải trí hoặc làm người đọc thấy thú vị, vui vẻ​
  • Explain: hướng dẫn hoặc giải thích một quy trình, khái niệm cụ thể​
  • Describe: mô tả chi tiết về sự vật, con người, cảnh vật​

Check-up.

Đọc và chọn đáp án đúng.

In the late 19th century, the British Empire experienced rapid expansion, which led to the development of new technologies for transportation and communication. Among these innovations was the Penny Black, the world’s first adhesive postage stamp. Issued in 1840, the Penny Black streamlined the postal system, making it more accessible and affordable for the public. This stamp facilitated communication across vast distances, reinforcing the connections within the empire and contributing to its growth.

Q. Which choice best states the main purpose of the text?

A. To explain the role of the Penny Black in improving the postal system and fostering communication within the British Empire

B. To provide a detailed history of the British Empire’s expansion and the various technological innovations that resulted from it

C. To argue that the Penny Black was the most significant innovation in the history of the British Empire and its communication systems

D. To discuss the various means of communication available during the 19th century and how they impacted the British Empire’s expansion

Practice - Luyện tập

Exercise 1.

Đọc và chọn đáp án đúng.

Early in the Great Migration of 1910–1970, which involved the mass migration of Black people from the southern to the northern United States, political activist and Chicago Defender writer Fannie Barrier Williams was instrumental in helping other Black women establish themselves in the North. Many women hoped for better employment opportunities in the North because, in the South, they faced much competition for domestic employment and men tended to get agricultural work. To aid with this transition, Barrier Williams helped secure job placement in the North for many women before they even began their journey.

Q. Which choice best states the main purpose of the text?

A. To introduce and illustrate Barrier Williams’s integral role in supporting other Black women as their circumstances changed during part of the Great Migration

B. To establish that Barrier Williams used her professional connections to arrange employment for other Black women, including jobs with the Chicago Defender

C. To demonstrate that the factors that motivated the start of the Great Migration were different for Black women than they were for Black men

D. To provide an overview of the employment challenges faced by Black women in the agricultural and domestic spheres in the southern United States

Exercise 2.

Đọc đoạn văn dưới đây và trả lời câu hỏi.

Market failure occurs when the allocation of goods and services by a free market is inefficient. It is a situation in which the market does not operate as intended and leads to undesirable outcomes, such as the overproduction of negative externalities or the underproduction of positive externalities. Market failure can arise from various sources, including externalities, public goods, and imperfect information. To address market failure, governments may implement policies and regulations, such as taxes and subsidies, to correct the market’s inefficiencies and promote a more socially optimal allocation of resources.

Q. Which choice best states the main purpose of the text?

A. To explain the concept of market failure and its causes, and to briefly discuss potential government interventions

B. To argue that market failure is solely the result of government intervention in the economy

C. To provide a comprehensive analysis of the different types of market failure and their implications for society

D. To describe various economic theories that have been proposed to address and prevent market failure

Exercise 3.

Đọc đoạn văn dưới đây và trả lời câu hỏi.

Ordinary soap bubbles usually exist for a minute or less before popping due to either a rupture forced by gravity-induced drainage or the evaporation of the liquid from which the bubble is composed. But physicist Aymeric Roux and colleagues discovered ways to mitigate these factors, resulting in bubbles that can last for a year or more. For example, glycerol tends to adhere to water molecules, so a bubble with a shell that contains both water and glycerol is able to draw additional water molecules from the surrounding air and thereby compensate for evaporation.

Q. Which choice best states the purpose of the underlined portion in the text as a whole?

A.  It describes the effects of a process devised by researchers that increases the longevity of an object discussed in the text.

B.  It details the circumstances that prompted the research discussed in the text.

C. It presents a reason why the phenomenon discussed in the text that the researchers wanted to avoid will inevitably occur.

D. It mentions a method discussed in the text that researchers intend to test in future experiments.

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Craft and Structure trong SAT: Dạng bài, Cách làm, Ví dụ, bài tập cụ thể