IELTS Writing Task 2: Dạng bài Problem - Solution
Hôm nay, chúng ta học tập về một dạng bài khó nhằn trong Writing Task 2 đó chính là Problem - Solution.
Đây cũng là một trong những dạng bài có thể xuất hiện trong bài thi IELTS Writing Task 2. Đối với dạng bài này, các bạn cần phải thảo luận về vấn đề thuộc một chủ đề cụ thể sau đó đưa ra các giải pháp để giải quyết các vấn đề đó.
Tìm hiểu bài Problem - Solution
1. Xác định và phân tích câu hỏi
Dưới đây là một số ví dụ về các câu hỏi của dạng bài Problem & Solution
Ex1: Overpopulation of urban areas has led to numerous problems. Identify one or two serious ones and suggest ways that governments and individuals can tackle these problems.
Ex2: Nowadays many people have access to computers on a wide basis and a large number of children play computer games. What are the negative impacts of playing computer games and what can be done to minimize the bad effects?
Ex3: The internet has transformed the way information is shared and consumed, but it has also created problems that did not exist before. What are the most serious problems associated with the internet and what solutions can you suggest?
Để phân tích đề bài, ta phải nắm được các yếu tố sau:
- Keywords: thể hiện chủ đề lớn của bài viết
- Micro Keywords: khoanh vùng chủ đề của bài viết
- Instruction words: thể hiện yêu cầu của đề bài
Example:
Đề bài: Global warming is one of the one of the biggest threats human face in the 21st Century and sea levels are continuing at the alarming rates. What problems are associated with this and what are some possible solutions.
- Keyword: global warming
- Micro Keywords: human, sea level rise
- Instruction words: problems, solutions
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Lưu ý: * Effect vs Problem:
* Cause/ Problem and Solution phải phù hợp. * Thí sinh phải giải thích cách các giải pháp có thể giải quyết vấn đề. |
2. Khai triển ý
Khi đã nắm được yêu cầu của đề bài, chúng ta cần lập dàn ý để viết bài. Để có ý thật tốt đưa vào bài viết, các bạn cần phải trả lời những câu hỏi sau:
- What the problems are? - Vấn đề là gì?
- How you will explain them? - Giải thích cụ thể về vấn đề?
- What the effects are? - Tác động của vấn đề là gì?
Hãy tưởng tượng rằng chúng ta đang ngồi nói chuyện với bạn bè về chủ để này và chắc hẳn các bạn sẽ lập tức có 2,3 vấn đề của chủ đề này. Như vậy khi vào trong phòng thi, các bạn sẽ không bị áp lực và có thể triển khai ý một cách nhanh nhất.
Example:
The internet has transformed the way information is shared and consumed, but it has also created problems that did not exist before. What are the most serious problems associated with the internet and what solutions can you suggest?
- Problem 1: Children can access potentially dangerous site
- Explanation 1: Pornography sites
- Effect 1: Affects thought & development - negative for children & society
- Problem 2: Growth of online fraud and hacking
- Explanation 2: Evident from the constant new stories
- Effect 2: Criminals get sensitive information
Cấu trúc làm bài chi tiết
Như các dạng bài Writing task 2 khác cấu trúc chung của dạng bài này chia làm 3 phần
Introduction: Mở bài với 1-2 câu parapharse câu hỏi, nêu ý kiến
Body Paragraph: thường sẽ chia 2 phần về Problme/Cause và Solution. Với dạng Cause/Effect thì mỗi đoạn sẽ bao gồm cả hai ý đó.
Conclusion: Chốt lại vấn đề, kết luận.
Chúng ta phân tích theo từng dạng cụ thể:
1. Cause - Solution
* INTRODUCTION
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(1) Background sentence: Paraphrase the question Useful structures: It is commonly thought that + [the issue]./ It is claimed that + [the issue]. (2) Thesis statement: Useful structure: This essay aims to discover the cause behind this trend and suggest some possible solutions to tackle this issue. |
Ví dụ:
Demand for food is increasing worldwide. What is the cause of this? What measures can the international community take to meet this demand?
It is true that humanity is increasingly faced with an urgent need for food supplies. The current situation of food insecurity is attributable to various reasons, and to mitigate the problem, there are solutions that require collaborative endeavors from countries all around the world.
* BODY
| Body 1: Clarify causes | Useful structure: It is possibly said the problem of [the issue] could be attributable to a wide range of reasons. |
| Body 2: Suggest solutions | Useful structure: In truth, some imperative measures ought to be taken to resolve these prospective issues. |
* CONCLUSION
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(1)Summarize the causes (2) Summarize the solutions Useful structure: In conclusion, while the problem of [issue] can be attributable to a range of causes, appropriate steps need to be taken to tackle these problems, not only by the government but also by individuals. In conclusion, while there are many reasons leading to the problem such as [summarize causes], [summarize solutions] should be taken to tackle this problem. |
* Common solutions in IELTS Writing Task 2
- Governments could invest money in the building of affordable or social housing to reduce the cost of living.
- The state should try to encourage citizens to use public transport in order to limit the levels of noise and harmful exhaust fumes caused by private vehicles.
- On the national level, the government should take definite actions against violence and discrimination. This could be done by ensuring strict enforcement of the laws on violent and discriminatory acts to deter them from happening.
- There should be more national campaigns to raise people’s awareness about …
- The national budgets should be allocated to different areas such as transportation, health care,…
* Ví dụ:
Đề: Demand for food is increasing worldwide. What is the cause of this? What measures can the international community take to meet this demand?
Body 1 - Cause
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Topic sentence |
On the one hand, it is possibly said the problem of food demand could be attributable to a wide range of reasons. |
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Supporting idea |
The most likely one is that humanitarian disasters are happening in certain corners of the world. |
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Supporting details |
[reason] In times of epidemics or wars – the supply chain – might be broken interrupting the imports of food between countries |
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[result] Citizens – tend to purchase food supplies in large quantities |
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[example] The outbreak of Covid-19 – many people – afraid of the potential lack of milk, corn, staples,.. lead to the decision of hoarding a large amount of food |
Body 2 - Solution
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Topic sentence |
On the other hand, a number of solutions could be adopted to mitigate the aforementioned problem. |
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Supporting idea |
One of them is for the state to put more investment in the development of the agricultural sector |
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Supporting details |
[reason] A shift from traditional agriculture to the production of genetically modified food – food from crops whose genes – scientifically changed |
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[result] Guarantee a considerably higher yield meet the food demand of the population |
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[example] In some African countries – the widespread introduction of GM food – has saved the trouble of importing food from abroad. |
2. Problem - Solution
Đề ví dụ: A rise in the standard of living in a country often only seems to benefit cities rather than rural areas. What problems can this cause? How might these problems be reduced?
* INTRODUCTION
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(1) Background sentence: Paraphrase the question Useful structures: It is commonly thought that + [the issue]/ It is claimed that + [the issue] (2) Thesis statement: Useful structure: This essay aims to discover the biggest problems caused by this trend and suggest some feasible solutions to tackle this issue. |
* BODY
| Body 1: Clarify problems |
Useful structures:
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| Body 2: Suggest solutions | Useful structure: In truth, some imperative measures ought to be taken to resolve these prospective issues. |
* CONCLUSION
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(1)Summarize the problems (2) Summarize the solutions Useful structure: In conclusion, while there are various negative consequences stemming from + [the issue], appropriate steps need to be taken to tackle these problems, not only by the government but also by individuals. In conclusion, A can be ascribed to reasons which are X and Y, and this issue can be dealt with by a joint effort of both X’ and Y’. |
* VÍ DỤ
Đề: A rise in the standard of living in a country often only seems to benefit cities rather than rural areas. What problems can this cause? How might these problems be reduced?
Body 1 - Problem
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Topic sentence |
On the one hand, several burdensome difficulties are certain to arise as a result of the aforementioned social inequality. |
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Supporting idea 1 |
One major problem might be the relocation of millions of people. |
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Supporting details |
[reason] Metropolises & cities – have drawn more governmental investments – public infrastructure the migration wave – in search of a higher standard of life |
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[result] Urban overpopulation + the shortage of rural labor force |
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Supporting idea 2 |
Another viable challenge that society has to face is the degradation from an educational perspective in rural towns and villages. |
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Supporting details |
[explanation] Life qualities in every country – education not distributed sufficient efforts – enhance educational facilities students – not academically qualified for future career. |
Body 2 - Solution
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Topic sentence |
On the other hand, in order to alleviate those aforementioned problems, there are efficacious solutions that the government bodies should adopt. |
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Supporting idea 1 |
Firstly, the additional allocation of financial packages would be provided for the construction of new road systems as well as modern amenities. |
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Supporting detail |
[result] People living in the rural communities – no longer feel the need to leave their hometown the population problem partially solved |
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Supporting idea 2 |
Regarding the measure against educational stagnation, the government policies of encouraging competent and experienced teaching staff to work at rural schools should be launched. |
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Supporting detail |
[explanation] If children – opportunity – receive lectures + training programs likely to make steady progress towards their scholastic targets. |
3. Cause - Effect
Đề ví dụ: Nowadays in many countries, more and more people are spending their time away from their families. Why is this? What are the effects on themselves and on their families?
* INTRODUCTION
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(1) Background sentence: Paraphrase the question Useful structures: It is commonly thought that + [the issue]/ It is claimed that + [the issue] (2) Thesis statement: Useful structure: This essay aims to discover the cause and effect behind this trend. |
* BODY
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● Body 1: Clarify cause(s) Useful structure: It is possibly said that the problem of [this issue] could be attributable to a wide range of reasons. ● Body 2: Clarify effect(s) Useful structure: It is possibly said that this trend may bring some (un)desirable impacts. |
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● Body 1: Clarify cause(s) Useful structure: It is possibly said that the problem of [this issue] could be attributable to a wide range of reasons. ● Body 2: Clarify effect(s) Useful structure: It is possibly said that this trend may bring some (un)desirable impacts. |
* CONCLUSION
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(1)Summarize the causes (2) Summarize the effects Useful structure: In conclusion, the problem of [the issue] can be attributable to a range of causes, and there are various positive/ negative impacts stemming from this trend. |
Đề: Nowadays in many countries, more and more people are spending their time away from their families. Why is this? What are the effects on themselves and on their families?
Body 1 - Cause
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Topic sentence |
To start with, people’s declining amount of time spent with their family stems from the generation gap and the boom of personal entertainment choices. |
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Supporting idea 1 |
First of all, the generation gap has been a longstanding problem. |
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Supporting details |
[reason] Disparity in belief a lack of understanding is born feel less sympathic towards another generation’s problems |
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[result] Cross-generational communication – less enjoyable for all parties |
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Supporting idea 2 |
Secondly, more personal entertainment choices are readily available now, reducing people’s need to partake in other activities. |
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Supporting detail |
[explanation] In former times – people could only take to one another or take part in outdoor activities >< people – more engrossed in unlimited forms of entertainment neglecting to spend time with families |
Body 2 - Effect
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Topic sentence |
The tendency of sparing less time with their family brings both the individuals and the family undesirable impacts. |
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Supporting idea 1 |
Firstly, individuals who are not close with their family tend to be more problematic. |
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Supporting details |
[explanation] Children – without parental love/ guidance – more susceptible to emotional problems such as being emotionally detached or having low self-esteem |
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Supporting idea 2 |
Moreover, with weak ties, family can be broken apart. |
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Supporting detail |
[reason] The basic function of a family – to support to each other without quality time together this goal – cannot be achieved |
2. Template mẫu thêm tham khảo
Dạng tương tự Causes/Solution
Introduction:
- The proliferation of [topic] has precipitated a myriad of concerns on a global scale.
- This essay will expound on the underlying causes of this issue and propose viable solutions to mitigate its impact. ("Bài luận này sẽ trình bày chi tiết về những nguyên nhân sâu xa của vấn đề này và đề xuất các giải pháp khả thi nhằm giảm thiểu tác động của nó.")
Body Paragraph 1 (Causes):
- A fundamental catalyst for this problem is [cause 1]. ("Một nguyên nhân cốt lõi dẫn đến vấn đề này là...")
- This stems from [explanation of the cause].
- Empirical evidence from [source] indicates that...
- Consequently, this exacerbates [negative effect].
- Another contributory factor is [cause 2].
- Reason: This arises due to [explanation of the cause].
- Example: A pertinent illustration is the case of [real-world example].
- Result: As a result, this intensifies (làm trầm trọng thêm) [negative consequence].
Body Paragraph 2 (Solutions):
- One viable measure to address this issue is [solution 1].
- Reason: By implementing this strategy, [explanation of how it tackles the cause].
- Example: A case in point is the initiative undertaken by [organization/government], which resulted in...
- Result: Consequently, this mitigates [negative outcome].
- An equally effective approach would be [solution 2].
- This solution is instrumental in [explanation of its effectiveness].
- Studies conducted by [source] reveal that...
- Thus, this serves as a long-term remedy to [problem].
Conclusion:
- In summary, the root causes of [topic] include [cause 1] and [cause 2], both of which have significantly contributed to [negative effect].
- To mitigate these issues, proactive measures such as [solution 1] and [solution 2] should be implemented.
- Ultimately, a concerted effort from individuals and policymakers is imperative to alleviate the ramifications of this issue.
Dạng tương tự Causes/Effect
Introduction:
- The proliferation of [topic] has precipitated a myriad of concerns on a global scale. ("Sự bùng nổ của [chủ đề] đã dẫn đến vô số mối lo ngại trên phạm vi toàn cầu.")
- This essay will expound on the fundamental causes of this issue and analyze its ramifications. ("Bài luận này sẽ trình bày chi tiết về những nguyên nhân cốt lõi của vấn đề này và phân tích những hệ quả của nó.")
Body Paragraph 1 (Causes):
- One fundamental catalyst for this problem is [cause 1].
- This arises from...
- A compelling example can be observed in...
- Consequently, this engenders (sinh ra/gây ra/ đem lại)...
- Another contributory factor is [cause 2].
- This stems from...(Điều này bắt nguồn từ..)
- Empirical evidence suggests that...
- As a result, this amplifies (làm trầm trọng/ làm khuếch đại thêm)…
Body Paragraph 2 (Effects):
- A direct consequence of these causes is [effect 1].
- This adversely affects...
- A salient example is that…
- Consequently, this leads to...
- Another pressing effect is [effect 2].
- This precipitates...
- A pertinent instance is...
- Therefore, this exacerbates...
Một số từ vựng hay topic: SOCIAL ISSUES
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Topic-based vocabulary & Collocation |
Sentence building |
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Agricultural production (n): sản xuất nông nghiệp |
Keeping farmland in agricultural production. |
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Face starvation (n): đối mặt với nghèo đói |
Millions will face starvation next year as a result of the drought. |
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Food supply (n): nguồn cung thực phẩm |
The food supply was particularly bad, sparking off further unrest. |
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Food shortages (n): thiếu hụt lương thực |
The report found that such deals could make food shortages worse because local farmers were forced off the land. |
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Be consumed in great volume (n): được tiêu thụ số lượng lớn |
Bread is predicted to be consumed in great volume in the next 5 years. |
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Genetically modified food (n): thực phẩm biến đổi gen |
What estimates he has made of the likely future consumer demand for genetically modified food. |
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Life standard (n): tiêu chuẩn cuộc sống |
However, this leads to a reduction in the life standard after retirement. |
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Governmental investment (n): đầu tư chính phủ |
Many of the industries chosen for governmental investment have in fact already gone bankrupt. |
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Public infrastructure (n): cơ sở hạ tầng công cộng |
Get the private sector to pay for large public infrastructure projects. |
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Migration wave (n): làn song di cư |
The migration wave is growing. |
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Labor force (n): lực lượng lao động |
Serious efforts are made to expand the labor force. |
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Educational facility (n): cơ sở giáo dục |
The building type has been in all cases an educational facility for a university campus. |
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Generation gap (n): khoảng cách thế hệ |
This generation gap between older and younger men is an increasingly yawning chasm. |
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Cross-generational communication (n): giao tiếp giữa các thế hệ |
How to bridge cross-generational communication? |
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Be engrossed in (n): hăng say, mải mê |
She was engrossed in conversation. |
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Devote time to work (v): cống hiến cho công việc |
He will now devote time to charity work. |
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Emotional distress (n): đau khổ về cảm xúc |
This emotional distress often lasts for weeks or months. |
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Parental guidance (n): sự dìu dắt, hướng dẫn của cha mẹ |
Neither does close attention and strict parental guidance. |
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Follow a path toward criminal behaviors (v): đi theo con đường hành vi tội phạm |
Without parental guidance, it is easy for children to follow a path toward criminal behaviors. |
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Weaken family bond (v): làm suy yếu mối quan hệ gia đình |
What weakens the family bond? |
Phân tích bài viết đề thật
Đề bài:
In many countries, the number of animals and plants is declining.
Why do you think it is happening?
How to solve this issue?
Type: Cause - Solution
Topic: Environment
Bài mẫu hoàn chỉnh:
In recent decades, there has been a significant decrease in the population of animals and plants in different parts of the world. This essay serves to give an insight into the reasons behind this alarming change and several solutions to deal with it.
The decline in the number of flora and fauna can be associated with certain factors. Firstly, due to the ever increasing world’s population as well as the growing demand for transportation, there has been a remarkable increase in CO2 emissions. Consequently, global warming, where the temperatures of the Earth go up noticeably, has become a pressing issue. This results in a number of natural disasters, namely tsunami, earthquake, drought or violent storms, destroying animals and plants’ habitats and forcing them into extinction. Secondly, the problem of illegal poachers and loggers in many regions of the world is also alarming. For financial gains, they often kill a large number of animals and cut down trees on a large scale, especially exotic species, which contributes to the decline in wildlife populations.
There are a few actions that could be taken in order to alleviate the problem. In order to reduce the amount of carbon emissions from private vehicles, such as cars and motorbikes, it is vital that the government encourages its citizens to use public transportation. As a result, it would lift the heavy burden off the worsening climate and therefore help protect natural habitats where animals and plants reside. Furthermore, it is crucial to raise the public’s awareness of the importance of environmental protection and habitat conservation, which play an important role in preserving the population of animals and plants. To do this, schools should offer more courses and lessons related to protecting the environment and ecosystem, so young generations could be mindful in their daily activities and are motivated to participate in environmental and wildlife conservation campaigns. All such efforts will eventually contribute to maintaining and even increasing wildlife populations in the future.
To conclude, the declining number of animals and plants is mainly due to harmful emissions from vehicles and unlawful poaching and logging. To mitigate the issue, it is important to motivate people to take public transportation and educate youngsters about the importance of protecting the environment and wildlife, as well as what they can do to help.
Các cấu trúc câu + từ vựng:
- There has been a/an + adj + N + in S: Đã có một sự + tính từ + danh từ + trong chủ điểm
Ex: There has been remarkable increase in the number of cars in Hanoi
-> Đã có một sự tăng mạnh trong số lượng xe ô tô ở Hà Nội
- This essay serves to give an insight into sth: Bài luận này nhằm đưa ra góc nhìn về một điều gì đó
Ex: I love this book, because it gives me an insight into my country’s economy
-> Tôi thích quyển sách này, vì nó cho tôi góc nhìn về nền kinh tế đất nước tôi
- Flora & fauna: thực vật và động vật
- Sth has become a pressing / aching issue: Điều gì đó đã trở thành một vấn đề gây quan ngại
- Alleviate (adj) alleviation (n) làm nhẹ
There are a few actions that could be taken in order to alleviate the problem: Có một vài hành động có thể được thực thi để làm nhẹ vấn đề này
- It is vital that …: Rất quan trọng rằng
- Reside (v) ở tại, cư trú
- resident (n) cư dân
- residence (n) sự cư trú / khu dân cư
- It is crucial to …: Rất quan trọng để
- Which play an important role in V-ing / N: Điều này đóng vai trò quan trọng trong việc / hành động gì đó
- Unlawful = illegal (adj): phạm pháp
- Mitigate (adj) = alleviate (adj): làm nhẹ
Như vậy là chúng ta đã hoàn thành bài học về dạng bài Problem - Solution. Hôm say, chúng ta sẽ học về dạng bài mới là Advantages & Disadvantages nhé!
