Hướng dẫn viết thân bài Writing Task 2 hay hơn
Thân bài là phần viết nhiều nhất trong IELTS Writing Task 2. Thân bài cần có sự logic đảm bảo sự mạch lạc cho toàn bộ bài viết. Vậy thì hãy cùng tìm hiểu bố cục thân bài và các từ nối quan trọng nhé.
Xem bài viết trước: Cách viết mở bài IELTS Writing Task 2 hay hơn
Xem thêm video hướng dẫn:
Bố cục cho thân bài Task 2
Lựa chọn các ý tưởng hay và quan trọng, sắp xếp chúng theo thứ tự hợp lý và kết nối chúng với nhay bằng cách dùng các từ nối như besides, furthermore, moreover, etc.,
1. Cấu trúc bố cục phù hợp
Khi bạn viết các đoạn thân bài chính cho Writing task 2, cố gắng viết khoảng 5-6 câu. Cùng xem ví dụ về cấu trúc hoàn chỉnh một đoạn thân bài cần phải có:
1. Câu chủ đề - Topic sentence (e.g. There are several reasons why I believe...)
2. Lí do đầu tiên/Giải thích - First reason/Explain why
3. Ví dụ (chi tiết) - Example (in more detail)
4. Lí do thứ hai/Giải thích - Second reason/Explain why
5. Ví dụ (chi tiết) - Example (in more detail)
6. Lí do thứ 3/Giải thích - Third reason/Explain why
2. Ví dụ viết thân bài
Dưới đây là ví dụ minh họa cho việc xây dựng một đoạn văn dựa theo cấu trúc bên trên.
Các ích lợi của điện thoại di động (Benefits of mobile phone):
1. The mobile phone is the most popular gadget in today’s world.
2. We can stay in touch with family, friends and colleagues wherever we are.
3. Users can send text messages, surf the Internet, take photos and listen to music.
4. Mobiles have also become fashion accessories.
5. Mobile phones have revolutionized the way we communicate. Sau khi kết nối các ý tưởng và sắp xếp hợp lý, chúng ta có đoạn văn sau đây:
The mobile phone has become the most popular gadget in today’s world. The reason for this is that it is portable and versatile. Mobile phones are now carried at all times by most people, allowing us to stay in touch with family, friends and colleagues wherever we are. Furthermore, they now have many more functions than a standard telephone; mobile phone users can send text messages, surf the Internet, take photos and listen to music, as well as making calls. Mobiles have become fashion accessories, and they have revolutionized the way we communicate.
(93 words)
Xây dựng đoạn văn từ các ý tưởng
Các bạn luôn phải nhớ rằng việc lên ý tưởng trước khi viết rất quan trọng. Chúng ta hãy cùng xem cách tác giả sắp xếp ý tưởng để tạo thành một đoạn văn thân bài hoàn chỉnh nhé.
Ví dụ:
Đề bài như sau:
The main reason people go to work is to earn money. To what extent do you agree or disagree?
Ý tưởng cho đoạn văn chính 1:
1. Agree that money is the main reason people work
2. People look at salary first, they rarely take a salary cut
3. Need to live, pay bills, food etc.
4. Look after our families, save for the future
5. Otherwise, most people would probably choose not to work
Đoạn văn thân bài mẫu đầy đủ với các ý trên:
I agree that the majority of people work in order to earn money. Before taking any other factors into account, it is normal to first consider the salary that a particular post offers, and it is rare to hear of a person who happily takes a cut in pay when beginning a new job. We all need money to pay for our basic necessities, such as accommodation, bills and food. Many adults also have families who depend on the wages they earn, and at the same time they are conscious of the need to save for the future. If we no longer needed money, I doubt most of us would choose to continue in our jobs.
(116 words)
Ví dụ khác
Many people prefer to watch foreign films rather than locally produced films. Why could this be?
Should governments give more financial support to local film industries?
Đoạn văn đầu tiên, cấu trúc như sau
1. Câu chủ đề - đưa ra lý do (Topic sentence - several reasons)
2. Lí do đầu tiên (First reason - budgets for action, special effects, spectacular locations)
3. Ví dụ (Example - Hollywood blockbusters like Avatar or James Bond films)
4. Lí do thứ hai (Second reason - the most famous actors, actresses and directors)
5. Lí do cuối cùng (Final reason - poor quality local filmmaking in many countries)
Nếu bạn đưa ra được 5 ý tưởng và nó đều hay và liên quan đến đề bài, bạn chỉ cần đưa ra cả 5 ý tưởng và kết nối chúng bằng từ nối mà thôi.
Đoạn văn hoàn chỉnh với 5 câu (mỗi câu 1 ý)
There are several reasons why many people find foreign films more enjoyable than the films produced in their own countries. Firstly, the established film industries in certain countries have huge budgets for action, special effects and to shoot scenes in spectacular locations.
Hollywood blockbusters like ‘Avatar’ or the James Bond films are examples of such productions, and their global appeal is undeniable. Another reason why these big-budget films are so successful is that they often star the most famous actors and actresses, and they are made by the most accomplished producers and directors. The poor quality, low- budget filmmaking in many countries suffers in comparison.
(106 words)
Ví dụ khác
Some people believe that the salaries paid to professional sportspeople are too high, while others argue that sports salaries are fair.
Discuss both views and give your opinion.
View 1: Sports salaries are too high.
1. Sports professionals earn too much money.
2. They do not provide a vital service.
3. Football players earn enormous salaries by simply kicking a ball.
4. We could all live happily without professional football.
5. We should value professionals such as nurses and teachers more highly.
Thân bài mẫu
Many people believe that sports professionals earn too much money. They argue that sport is a form of entertainment rather than a vital public service. We could easily live without sportspeople, yet other professionals who contribute much more to society are undervalued and underpaid. For example, football players can earn enormous salaries by simply kicking a ball, while doctors, nurses and teachers earn a fraction of the money despite being essential for our health and prosperity. From this perspective, sports stars do not deserve the salaries they currently earn. (89 words)
Lưu ý: Đề bài trên yêu cầu ‘discuss both views’ .
Bài tập: Viết đoạn văn thân bài sử dụng các ý tưởng sau.
Water is a natural resource that should always be free. Governments should ban the sale of bottled water.
To what extent do you agree or disagree?
Dưới đây là các ý tưởng bạn có thể sử dụng trong bài viết:
1. Some people believe that bottled water is healthier than tap water.
2. They also argue that it tastes better.
3. Other people believe that we should consume less bottled water.
4. Plastic water bottles add to litter and waste problems.
5. Companies should not be able to make a profit from a natural resource.
6. There is no difference in quality between bottled and tap water.
7. Governments should ensure that everyone has access to clean tap water.
Bài tập: Viết đoạn văn thân bài dùng các ý tưởng sau.
In many countries, buying and selling guns for the public is legal.
Should the ownership of guns be limited or controlled or should everyone be allowed to trade guns easily?
Dưới đây là các ý tưởng bạn có thể sử dụng trong thân bài:
1. Risk of accidents, danger to children
2. More violent crimes, criminals will use guns, police will need guns
3. Higher suicide rates
4. Guns create violent societies
Lưu ý viết mạch lạc trong Task 2
Thế nào là ‘Coherence and Cohesion’ trong IELTS Writing Task 2?
Nếu bạn tìm hiểu về các tiêu chí chấm điểm cho Writing Task 2, bạn sẽ thấy có 1 cụm từ xuất hiện là ‘coherence and cohesion', đó là:
"uses cohesion in such a way that it attracts no attention"
Có 2 cách để đảm bảo sự kết nối, chặt chẽ cho bài viết mà vẫn không làm rối cấu trúc bài bởi các từ nối bao gồm:
Cách 1: Giải thích ý tưởng theo trật tự logic, khi đó bạn sẽ không cần dùng quá nhiều từ nối. Đây là cách mà chúng ta vẫn thường áp dụng khi viết văn bằng tiếng Việt.
Cách 2: Sử dụng từ nối như and, but, also, firstly, secondly, finally, for example. Những từ nối này rất thông dụng và nó không gây khó chịu cho người đọc.
⇒ Các bạn cùng xem thêm về từ nối và các từ vựng diễn đạt quan trọng khác cho Task 2 tại bài viết: Tổng hợp từ vựng và cấu trúc câu dùng cho IELTS Writing Task 2
Khi sử dụng từ nối cần chú ý linh hoạt và phù hợp, để đạt được sự kết nối mà không lạm dụng từ. Đọc bài mẫu sau, chúng ta sẽ nhận ra không có quá nhiều các cụm từ nối dài. Tuy nhiên, việc tập trung vào các câu hỏi với những ý tốt rất đáng ghi điểm.
Wild animals have no place in the 21st century, so protecting them is a waste of resources.
To what extent do you agree or disagree?
Bài mẫu
Some people argue that it is pointless to spend money on the protection of wild animals because we humans have no need for them. I completely disagree with this point of view.
In my opinion, it is absurd to argue that wild animals have no place in the 21st century. I do not believe that planet Earth exists only for the benefit of humans, and there is nothing special about this particular century that means that we suddenly have the right to allow or encourage the extinction of any species. Furthermore, there is no compelling reason why we should let animals die out. We do not need to exploit or destroy every last square metre of land in order to feed or accommodate the world’s population. There is plenty of room for us to exist side by side with wild animals, and this should be our aim.
I also disagree with the idea that protecting animals is a waste of resources. It is usually the protection of natural habitats that ensures the survival of wild animals, and most scientists agree that these habitats are also crucial for human survival. For example, rainforests produce oxygen, absorb carbon
dioxide and stabilise the Earth’s climate. If we destroyed these areas, the costs of managing the resulting changes to our planet would far outweigh the costs of conservation. By protecting wild animals and their habitats, we maintain the natural balance of all life on Earth.
In conclusion, we have no right to decide whether or not wild animals should exist, and I believe that we should do everything we can to protect them.
Trên đây là một số lưu ý về viết bài, các bạn có thể thử làm bài tập cải thiện thêm nhé.
Bài tập luyện
Bài tập 1
Đọc các đề bài dưới đây và hoàn thành phần thân bài, sử dụng ý tưởng và lí do cho sẵn.
Some people believe that studying at university or college is the best route to a successful career, while others believe that it is better to get a job straight after school.
Discuss both views and give your opinion.
Mở bài
When they finish school, teenagers face the dilemma of whether to get a job or continue their education. While there are some benefits to getting a job straight after school, I would argue that it is better to go to college or university.
Thân bài
Đoạn 1: Lợi ích của việc đi làm (benefits of getting a job)
The option to start work straight after school is attractive for several reasons.
(Ideas/Reasons: start earning money, become independent, gain experience, learn skills, get promotions, settle down earlier, afford a house, have a family)
Đoạn 2: Lợi ích của việc học trình độ cao hơn (benefits of higher education (ý kiến của tác giả) )
On the other hand, I believe that it is more beneficial for students to continue their studies.
(Ideas/Reasons: some jobs require academic qualifications, better job opportunities, higher salaries, the job market is very competitive, gain knowledge, become a useful member of society)
Kết bài
For the reasons mentioned above, it seems to me that students are more likely to be successful in their lives if they continue their studies beyond school level.
Bài tập 2
Đọc các đề bài dưới đây và hoàn thành phần thân bài, sử dụng ý tưởng và lí do cho sẵn.
Differences between countries become less evident each year. Nowadays, all over the world people share the same fashions, advertising, brands, eating habits and TV channels.
Do the disadvantages of this trend outweigh the advantages?
Mở bài
It is true that many aspects of culture are becoming increasingly similar throughout the world. Although this trend has some benefits, I would argue that there are more drawbacks.
Thân bài
Câu mở đầu của đoạn 2
On the one hand, the globalisation of fashion, brands, eating habits and other areas of culture has some benefits. (Explain the benefits)
Câu mở đầu của đoạn 3
On the other hand, I believe that the disadvantages of cultural globalisation are even more significant. (Explain the disadvantages)
Kết bài
In conclusion, it seems to me that the drawbacks of globalisation, in terms of cultural habits such as the clothes we wear or the foods we eat, do outweigh the benefits.
Bài tập 3
Đọc các đề bài dưới đây và hoàn thành phần thân bài, sử dụng ý tưởng và lí do cho sẵn.
Homeschooling belongs to the past and is unacceptable in the modern society.
To what extent do you agree or disagree with this statement?
Các ý tưởng cho bài viết:
For
· Parents know their children best
· Learning is more enjoyable at home
· Children feel safe
Against
· Not specific approach e.g. associative learning
· Not every parent is capable
· Parents could forget materials
Cách tổ chức đoạn văn:
Introduction…………………………………
The side you don’t agree with….....
The side you agree with …………..
The side you agree with ………….
Conclusion ……………………………
Bài tập 4
Đọc các bài mẫu sau về chủ đề ‘học tại gia’ (homeschooling) và chú ý tới các tiêu chí sau trong bài:
-
Cách tổ chức bài và cấu trúc đoạn văn (organization andparagraphing)
-
Cách ngắt nghỉ (Punctuation)
-
Cách phát triển ý tưởng (Development ofideas)
-
Các cấu trúc được sử dụng (The range of structuresused)
-
Các loại từ vựng đặc biệt được sử dụng (The range of topic specific vocabulary used)
-
Từ nối (Transitionwords)
-
Câu chủ đề (Topicsentences)
-
Loại ví dụ được sử dụng (Types of examples)
Bài mẫu: Homeschooling
Everything has two sides and homeschooling is not an exception. In the past, it seemed like the most natural way of educating children, but today, many people criticize it.
We must acknowledge that parents know their children best. That gives them a good chance of knowing how to make their children understand certain concepts. Using the child’s interest, parents can make the process of learning more enjoyable and effective. In addition, being at home makes children feel safe which can greatly contribute to their ability to concentrate on studying.
Nevertheless, many people believe that teaching should be done by professionals. There are many proven scientific approaches that produce good and effective results and without those techniques parents, who teach their children at home, have no chance. Associative learning is a good example of such a technique. Showing the child images while learning the alphabet for example ‘Apple’ for ‘A’ or ‘Boy’ for ‘B’ makes him or her remember the letters faster and more easily.
Furthermore, not every parent is capable of teaching his or her child at home, for the blind cannot lead the blind. Parents cannot teach the children something which they do not know themselves, and let’s face it – not all of us have profound knowledge of history or geography even on a school textbook level. Eventually, even those moms and dads who had succeeded at school could forget the materials they studied as time went by.
In conclusion, I have more trust in abilities and experiences of professional teachers than I do on my own.
(258 Words)
Bình luận