Cách viết IELTS Writing Task 1 Pie Chart

Percentage

Fraction

80%

Four-fifths

75%

Three –quarters

60%

Three  - fifths

50%

Half

40%

Two - fifths

25%

A quarter

20%

A fifth

10%i

One in ten

Percentage

Fraction

77%

Just over three quarters

52%

Approximately half

49%

Just under/ neatly a half

32%

Almost a third

19%

Nearly a fifth

Verb

Meaning

Account for/take up/make up/ consist of/comprise/constitute

X chiếm (đóng góp) bao nhiêu %

Account for a bigger (or smaller) share

Make up a bigger (or smaller) proportion

Có nhiều hơn/ít hơn thị phần/tỉ lệ so với cái khác

Take up the remaining X

Chiếm bao nhiêu phần trăm còn lại

Types of

conparison

Structure

Example

Comparative

S + V + more/less + adjective/adverb + than + N

The birth rate in 2000 was higher than that in 1999

The number of tourists visiting France was significantly higher than in Italy.

Superlative

S + V + the + superlative adjective +N

The USA had the highest unemployment rate in 2010.

Japan was the most popular travel destination in Asia.

Multiplicative

+  S + V + Twice/three times/four times + as + many/much + as + N

 + A is X times higher/lower than B

The number of students in 2020 was twice as many as that  in 2010.

The revenue of company A was three times higher than that of company B.

Relative

A + stood at/be + số liệu + compared to

/ in comparison with + số liệu của B

In 2010, the percentage of female employees stood at 80% compared to/ in comparison with 20% male ones

Overview

Needed information: Order (highest/lowest)

Note: Use the language for comparison

Body

There are 2 ways to divide the body paragraphs:

-1^st approach: Describe each pie in each paragraph

+ 1^st Pie: Report + Compare data among categories

   e.g. The proportion of spending on Housing was highest in Malaysia, at 34%.

+ 2^nd Pie: Report data + Compare data among categories

    e.g. Food registered the highest data in Japan, at 24%.

• 2^ndapproach: Compare categories between two pie charts

e.g. The proportion of spending on Housing was highest in Malaysia, at 34% while Japanese families allocated just 21% of their budget for this category.

NOTE: Only use the language for comparison

Body 1: Food + Housing​
- Housing: highest in Malaysia – while – Japanese families – allocated just 21%.​
- Food: the figures – both nations – similar – at 24% and 27% - respectively​

The proportion of spending on Housing was highest in Malaysia, at 34% while Japanese families allocated just 21% of their budget for this category. In terms of food, the figures for both nations were similar, at 24% and 27% for Malaysia and Japan respectively.​

Body 2: Transport + Healthcare + Others​

- Transport: accounted for – a fifth – in Japan – twice as much as – the figure –
Malaysia.​
- Healthcare: received – the least amount of money​
- Other goods and services: over a quarter.

Regarding the remaining categories, Transport accounted for exactly a fifth of total expenditure in Japan, twice as much as the figure for Malaysia.

Healthcare received the least amount of money in two countries while the percentage of money spent on Other goods and services were quite significant, at over a quarter in each country.​

Overview​
Needed information: ​
- Order (highest/lowest)​
- Trend (increase, decrease)​

Note:​ Use the language for trend & comparison​

Overall, it can be easily seen that the proportion of public fundings spent on three sectors namely tertiary education, transport infrastructure and services serving the environmental purposes witnessed an upward trend over the period shown while the opposite was true for the other three remaining sectors. Besides, in all three years, the highest level of public spending belonged to development of the teaching and learning at universities, in contrast to the negligible expenditure for unspecified costs, labeled “other”.

Body

There are 2 ways to divide the body paragraphs:

-1^st approach: By time: Each body paragraph describes each year

+ 1^st Pie: Report + Compare data among categories

e.g. In 1980, the percentage of public spendings in Higher education was over 8 times higher than the data for environmental services, at 35% and 4%, respectively.

+ 2^nd Pie: Report data + Describe trend

e.g. In 1990, there was a dramatic growth of 10% to reach 45% in university education’s fundings.

- 2^nd  approach: By category: Upward/ Downward trend

+ Paragraph 1: Report data + Trend/ Comparison

+ Paragraph 2: Report data + Trend/ Comparison

e.g. Regarding the areas that experienced a growth in importance, university education constituted more than one third of the total governmental outgoings in 1980 and the following two decades saw a five-percent increase, with a peak of 45 percent in 1990.

Cách 1:

In 1980, the largest proportion of the budget was allocated to higher education, at 35%, followed by K-12 education at 25%. Transportation and health and human resources accounted for 16% and 14% respectively. Environmental services and other sectors made up relatively small shares, at 4% and 6%. By 1990, spending on higher education had risen markedly to 45%, consolidating its dominant position. Health and human resources also increased to 20%. In contrast, K-12 education fell to 20%, while transportation dropped sharply to 6%. Environmental services saw a slight increase to 5%, whereas other spending decreased to 4%.

By 2000, some notable changes had occurred. Although the proportion for higher education declined slightly to 40%, it remained the largest category. Transportation rebounded significantly to 22%, becoming the second-highest area of expenditure. In contrast, K-12 education continued to fall to 18%, and health and human resources dropped substantially to 10%. Environmental services almost doubled compared to 1990, reaching 9%, while other services decreased dramatically to just 1%, the smallest share among all sectors.

Cách 2: 

In terms of rising trends, the proportion of funding for higher education grew significantly from 35% in 1980 to 45% in 1990, before falling slightly to 40% in 2000, which was still 5 percentage points higher than the initial figure. Transportation also experienced a marked increase overall. After dropping sharply from 16% in 1980 to 6% in 1990, it rose dramatically to 22% in 2000, making it the second-largest expenditure category by the end of the period. Similarly, environmental services saw a steady increase, climbing from 4% in 1980 to 5% in 1990 and then to 9% in 2000.

By contrast, several sectors witnessed downward trends. Spending on K-12 education declined gradually from 25% in 1980 to 20% in 1990 and further to 18% in 2000. Health and human resources followed a similar pattern, increasing from 14% to 20% between 1980 and

1990, but then falling sharply to 10% in 2000, resulting in an overall decrease compared to the starting point. The proportion allocated to other services fell steadily throughout the period, from 6% in 1980 to 4% in 1990 and reaching just 1% in 2000, the smallest share among all categories.

The two pie charts compare the percentage of city residents using five different modes of transportation in 2010 and 2020.

Hai biểu đồ tròn so sánh tỷ lệ cư dân thành phố sử dụng năm phương tiện di chuyển khác nhau vào năm 2010 và 2020.

Cars remained the most popular mode of transport in both years, though their proportion decreased.
Meanwhile, public transport and bicycles saw an increase, while walking became less common.

Ô tô vẫn là phương tiện phổ biến nhất trong cả hai năm, nhưng tỷ lệ sử dụng đã giảm.
Trong khi đó, phương tiện công cộng và xe đạp tăng lên, còn đi bộ lại ít phổ biến hơn.

Discuss the decline in car usage and walking.

Thảo luận về sự suy giảm của việc sử dụng ô tô và đi bộ.

Explain the increase in public transport and bicycle usage, while the percentage of people using other modes remained unchanged.

Giải thích sự gia tăng của phương tiện công cộng và xe đạp, trong khi tỷ lệ sử dụng các phương tiện khác không thay đổi.

Loại biểu đồ

pie chart

Nội dung

proportion/percentage of energy capacity

Thời gian

2015-2040 -> quá khứ đơn, hiện tại, tương lai
cấu trúc chỉ sự dự đoán

Đơn vị

GW, %, percent

Đối tượng

fossil fuels, wind, nuclear, solar, and other renewables

Introduction

the pie charts depict/show/illustrate the percentage of energy capacity 2015 / and projections for 2040

Overview

- projected energy capacity nearly doubles from … to …

- fossil fuels remain the main/ major energy source

- significant rise in solar and wind

Body 1

Viết về sự thay đổi của fossil fuels and other renewables

- highest proportion, at …

- a decline by …%

- a slight fall/drop (from … to…)

Body 2

Viết về solar, wind, và nuclear energy

- a dramatic rise in solar and wind (from…to)

- a slight decrease, from … to

the most noticeable feature

đặc điểm dễ dàng nhận ra nhất là

should not be overlooked

không nên bị bỏ qua

to be projected/predicted + to V-inf

dự đoán, được dự đoán rằng là

twofold (n)

gấp 2 lần

regarding sth

về phần